What are the basic beliefs of Confucianism? Confucianism is a philosophical and ethical system developed by the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius (also known as Kong Fu Zi.) Confucianism urges people to uphold the traditions and customs of the past. It stresses virtues, or li, such as respect, loyalty, honesty, hard work, politeness, and generosity. Confucius believed that if these virtues were followed, society would exist in harmony. He also believed that relationships and respect played a large role in social harmony. Filial piety is ranked among the greatest of virtues, and it entails that a child should repay kindness and respect to his/her parents, elders, and ancestors. The following five relationships extend from this virtue and are viewed as the “code of conduct” of Confucianism: 1) ruler and subject; 2) parent and child; 3) husband and wife; 4) elder sibling and younger sibling; and 5) friend and friend. With the exception of the fifth relationship, there is always one member who is superior to the other; the ruler is superior to the subject, the parent to the child, etc. Each pair has specific duties and responsibilities to one another, although the superior is entitled more respect than the lesser of the two. However, the superior is responsible for the lesser’s behavior; if a child behaves poorly, the parent is blamed. In contrast, both members of the fifth relationships are considered equal to one another and must respect and aid one another equally. Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ConfucianismSource:<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism> and notes on Confucianism from Mr. Cobb's class Edited by: Esther C.
* 4:49pm estherc edited China + 10:56am msward edited China
Source: http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/ancient1.html#shang The Ancient Dynasties January 2, 2008. Edited by: Tyler K. Add your image here Cut and paste your paragraph here Source:
Who were the Red Guard? The Red Guard was a group of enthusiastic, politically active militant school, middle school, and college students used by Mao to shock and criticize the bourgeois who “needed” re-educating . The millions of people this group was made up of wore red armbands to show that they were “enforcing Mao’s cult of personality” ( Cultural Revolution).They engaged in activities such as book burnings, mass relocations, and as time went on, torture became a common form of punishment that the Red Guard applied. The Red Guard was eventually dispersed by Mao on account of Red Guard factionalism. Source: InfoPlease InfoPlease http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0814235.html Edited by: Heather M. The Red Guard was a group of students, first led by Zhang Chengzhi, who led a mass student movement against traditional ways. They wanted to get rid of the old ideas and customs and were not afraid to use force to get rid of those who still believed in the old ways. Under the name of the Cultural Revolution, they taught the teachings of Mao but were criticized for their use of torture and violence to get their point across.
